Top 10 Most Common Heart Diseases and What You Need to Know

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death for adults in the United States, but early detection, proper treatment, and lifestyle changes can dramatically improve outcomes. As a board-certified cardiologist with over 40 years of experience treating patients across Indiana, I’ve seen firsthand how knowledge empowers people to take control of their heart health.

Here are the 10 most common heart diseases I diagnose and treat—and what you should know about each one.

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

CAD occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). It’s the most common type of heart disease and a leading cause of heart attacks. Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue—but sometimes there are no symptoms at all until something serious occurs.

2. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Often called the “silent killer,” high blood pressure puts extra strain on your heart and blood vessels. Over time, this can lead to stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, and more. Regular checkups and healthy habits like diet and exercise can help keep blood pressure in a safe range.

3. Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure)

Heart failure doesn’t mean your heart stops working—it means it’s not pumping blood as efficiently as it should. This can lead to swelling in your legs, fatigue, shortness of breath, and difficulty lying flat. It’s one of the most common reasons older adults are hospitalized, but many people manage it well with medication and lifestyle changes.

4. Irregular Heartbeats (Arrhythmias)

Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms, and they come in many forms—including fast (tachycardia), slow (bradycardia), or erratic (like atrial fibrillation). Some arrhythmias are harmless, while others can lead to stroke or sudden cardiac arrest. If you feel fluttering, racing, or skipping beats, it’s time to talk to your cardiologist.

5. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

AFib is a common type of arrhythmia where the upper chambers of the heart beat out of sync with the lower ones. It can cause palpitations, fatigue, or shortness of breath—but some people feel nothing at all. Left untreated, AFib increases the risk of blood clots and stroke. Fortunately, treatment options today are better than ever.

6. Valvular Heart Disease

Your heart has four valves that help control blood flow. When one of them doesn’t open or close properly, it’s called valvular heart disease. Common types include aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse. Some valve problems are mild, but others require medication or surgery. A heart murmur can sometimes be the first clue.

7. Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. It can be caused by genetics, infections, or long-term high blood pressure. There are different types—including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy—and treatment depends on the type and severity.

8. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

PAD happens when arteries in the legs or arms become narrowed due to plaque buildup. It can cause leg pain when walking, numbness, or even wounds that won’t heal. PAD is often a sign of widespread atherosclerosis and increases your risk for heart attack and stroke.

9. Congenital Heart Disease

Some people are born with structural problems in their heart—this is called congenital heart disease. It ranges from minor issues that don’t need treatment to serious conditions that require surgery. Thanks to advances in medicine, many individuals with congenital heart disease now live full, active lives well into adulthood.

10. Endocarditis

Endocarditis is an infection of the heart’s inner lining, usually involving the valves. It can occur when bacteria from the mouth or bloodstream latch onto damaged areas of the heart. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection and antibiotic treatment are crucial.

Final Thoughts

Heart disease doesn’t always announce itself with chest pain or dramatic symptoms. That’s why regular checkups with your cardiologist and simple screenings like blood pressure checks, cholesterol panels, and EKGs can make a real difference.

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